Telegraphy.



I. KITSEE.

. TBLEGRAPHY. APPLIOATION TILED APR. 14, 1905. RENEWED JAN. 18, 1906.

n1: unnizzs'pzrzns cm, wasnmaron, u. c;

ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISIDOR KI'ISEE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE:

OF PHILADELPHIA,

HALF TO WILLIAM J. LATTA.

PENNSYLVANIA.

TELEGRAPHY.

Patented Oct. 16, 1906.

Application filed April 14,1905. Renewed January 18, 1906. Serial No. 296.620.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, Isrnon KITSEE, of the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in telegraphy. Its object is to increase the efficiency of such lines where the capacity necessitates arrangements differing from overhead land-lines-such, for instance, as submarine cables.

On land-lines the transmitting of messages is accomplished with the aid of a source of current connected withone polarity to the transmitting-key, and as the line permits the use of currents of different strengths the qpadruplexing of such lines was made possib e.

In cable telegraphy the situation is far different. The peculiar condition of the cable requires that the different characters of the alphabet should be symbolized by currents of opposite polarity. Whereas, therefore, on a landline the longer or shorter closing period of the key symbolizes a dot or dash, in cable telegraphy a dash is symbolized by the transmission of a positive impulse and a dot by'a negative impulse.

The one great feature in quadruplexing land-lines-namely, the using of one polarity for one message and the opposite polarity for the second message-cannot be taken advantage of on cable-lines, and as to the different strengths of the current it has to be stated that all attempts to actuate one kind of illstrument on the cable by one strength of current and the other instrument by a greater or lesser strength of current have so far failed.

The peculiar condition of the cable and the preservation of its insulating-covering made the employment of receiving instruments not designed to actuate a local circuit a necessity, and the siphon recorder now universally adopted is the most approved of such devices.

It is, as stated above, the aim of my invention to increase the efficiency of the cable, and I accomplish this object by quadruplexing such cable.

In attempting to. transmit two messages simultaneously from one station it is first of all necessary that each operator shall find an uninterrupted path from his transmitting inthe cable with its strument to the line. On land-lines this path is generally provided for the keys by shunting the same with the aid of a condenser, a device impervious to the flow of a straight current; but on cables such arrangement would only decrease the impulses flowing over the line, for the reason that the line itself may be likened to a longedrawn-out condenser and for the further reason that condensers if not actually placed in series with the line are usually placed in series with the receiving instrument. Other means have therefore to be provided. A third reason is that an appreciable increase of the force now used is out of the question. I11 an arrangement, therefore, for simultaneously transmitting impulses in one direction the second receiving instrument must be able to answer to differentiate between the two transmitted impulses in another direction, and for this reason my invention consists of the arrangements and devices as will hereinafter be more fully described, illustrated in the drawing, and more clearly pointed out in the claims following the specification.

. The accompanying drawing illustrates my invention in diagrammatic form.

In the drawing, A represents one part of artificial line for the purpose of dupleXing the same with the usual arrangement.

B is the receiver, here shown as the conventional sign for a siphon-recorder.

O is an additional receiver, here shown as the usual telephonic ear-phone.

In the usual cable telegraphy the double key is made use of, a device connecting the line when the station is not in use directly with the ground. One lever of this double key is connected to the line and the second lever to the ground, both levers when not in use connecting with one polaritysay the negative pole of a source of current. By the depression of the key connected to the line this lever is made to break the contact with the negative pole and to make contact with the positive pole.

When the connection between the lever and positive pole is established, the line is again grounded through the source of current; but during the time lapsing between the breaking of the lever with the first contact and making the connection with the secgrounded directly 0nd contact the line is interrupted, and where a second operator is supposed to send messages from the same station over the line this interruption would be fatal, and I therefore have recourse to the arrangement substantially as follows: The line or cable A is connected through wire 1 with the lever D of the key. This lever is, through the contact E, in connection with the positive pole of the source of current F and through the contact E in connection with the negative pole of the source of current F. and E are formed of the pins 0 and 6, having secured thereon the compressible springs 12 and I), held in position by the two stops 0 and 0", respectively. The lever D when actuated either to the right or left will press against one or the other of these contact-pins and will push the same backward, and thereby will break connection with the opposite contact through this movement. The stops g and g are provided so that the operator will know how far to press the key-lever D.

As is apparent from the drawings, the sources of current F and F are in reality short-circuited through the contacts E and E and the lever D; but to prevent these sources of current from being entirely shortcircuited I have provided. the circuit with the resistances R R, which may be of any desired value. In practice a battery of about fifty volts is used, and the resistances therefore should have a value of at least one hundred to two hundred ohms.

I have provided wire 1 with the switching arrangement H, whereby the line may be if the stations are not in use.

At the junction of the two batteries F and F the wire 2 leads to the lever of the second key. This lever is designatedas K and is similar to the lever D. The lever K is in connection with the contacts L and L of a construction similar to the contacts E and E. Through the contact L the lever K connects with the negative pole of the source of current N, and through the contact L the lever connects with the positive pole of the source of current N. The unction of these batteries is connected through wire 5 with the ground G.

Instead of actuating manually the lever K I have provided, for reasons later on to be described, this lever with a device adapted to move the same in quick succession to and fro, so as to break alternately its connection with L and L. I have shown the vibrating device as consisting of two electromagnets con nected together and a wire leading to a vibrator. (Not shown in the drawings; but the place where the same may be inserted is shown in dotted lines.)

I have illustrated one form of device adapted to actuate the key; but it is obvious that any of the electrical or mechanical devices The contacts E adapted for this purpose may be substituted therefor, the aim being to alternately and in quick succession send impulses of different polarities over the line. I

To the wire 2 is connected through wire 3 the lever M of the transmitting-key, substantially the usual Morse key. This lever M rests normally-that is, when not in use on the back stop m and is provided with the front stop m. The back stop m is connected through wire I with the grounded wire 5. We therefore have two transmitting devices, which may be operated either separately or simultaneously. One of these devices is designated as an entirety by the letter Z and the second of these devices by the letter K.

It is supposed that the operator of the device Z transmits messages over the line. He will, in sending the characters forming the Morse alphabet, move the lever of his key either to right or left, thereby sending either a positive or negative impulse over the line. In either case-that is, if the'lever is connected with both sources or 18 moved to right or left and connects with either F or F an unbroken contact of the line with wire 2 is established and the current of his transmitting battery can flow either from 2 through 3, M, m, 4, 5, and ground G or can in part select a path from 2 through K, L, and L and through 5 .to the ground G. It is now supposed that the operator of the device X transmits a message over the line, but the operator at Z is idle. In transmitting the impulses characterizing the Morse alphabet he opererates the key in the usual manner, for as long as the key is open the impulses will flow from the lever K through 2, 3, M, m, 4, 5, and ground G 3 but as soon as the connection of the lever M with the contact m is broken the impulses will have to flow from K through 2, through the circuit including the sources F and F and the contacts E and E, and will flow from D to the line. Should at one and the same time both operators actuate their keys, an impulse of either positive or negative polarity will flow from the device Z over the line and a succession of opposite impulses will flow from the device X over part of the path aforesaid to the line. For clearer un derstanding I will call the first impulses "slow impulses and the second quick impulses. Should both operators actuate their respective keys simultaneously, one of two things can take place. Either the quick impulse is of the same polarity as the slow impulse, in which case the force of the slow impulse will be increased, or the polarity of the quick impulse is opposite to the slow impulse, then the force of the slow impulse will be decreased; but in both cases the variation of the flow will coincide with the duration of this quick impulse.

As stated, the force usually employed in submarine telegraphy is about fifty volts, I 3 o and the siphon-recorder is made to respond to about half this force. The double of this force is necessary in duplexing.

In my experiments I have found that on artificial lines representing the value of a cable or part of same, and therefore on cables themselves, a device such, for instance, as a telephonic receiver if inserted in series with the usual receiving instrument will be actuated by a comparative low force, provided the same changes its polarity in quick succession, and that comparatively short impulses following each other in quick succession are easily distinguished in such devices as ear-phones from the impulses actuating the siphon-recorder. I have also found that the receiving ated at all, practically speakin by the short impulses in quick succession an low potential. I have further found that the difference of one or two volts in the transmitting-battery does not seriously affect the working of such recorder. When, therefore, the operator of Z telegraphs over the line, the siphon-recorder on the other side will record the message in the usual manner if the same is sent in the usual way, and when the operator of X telegraphs over the line the operator at the far end in charge of the device such as the ear-phone will readily read the message in the Morse char acters if the vibration of the diaphragm for a short period will designate a dot and the vibration of the diaphragm for a long period will designate a dash, the siphon-recorder not interfering with the ear-phone or similar instrument and the ear-phone or device similar in construction not interfering with the recorder.

It may be stated that instead of the device as shown at X, an induction-coil the secondary of'which is inserted in the line may be employed; but it is well known that the ceasing of the current induces in the secondary an impulse of high potential and of such a na ture as to be injurious to the non-conducting envelop in the cable. Such was proven on different tests made for the purpose of trans mitting induced impulses over the cable, and

even where a transformer 1s employed reducing the voltage of the primary current to the necessary pressure the secondary, and therefore the line, is injuriously affected during the period of change of polarity in the primary, and it is therefore best to have recourse to an arrangement substantially as illustrated, whereby one or the other of the polarities of a low-potential battery is connected to the line. I have also provided the circuit of the device Zwith the switches z z and the circuit of the device X with the switches as 90 for the purpose of cutting out the batteries when these devices are not in use.

I do not lay claim in this specification to the method as outlined therein, as such device proper is not actu-' method will form the subject-matter of an: other application;

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A submarine or other cable provided with two or more stations, transmitting means at each station adapted to transmit over said cable simultaneously in one direction two messages, one message characterized by impulses of comparatively slow succession and of comparatively high electromotive force, the second message characterized by impulses of comparatively quick succession and of comparatively low electromotive force, and also provided with two receiving means, one adapted to translate the message characterized by the impulses of comparatively slow succession and the second adapted to translate the message characterized by the impulses of comparatively quick succession.

2. Means to transmit over a cable with a comparatively large capacity simultaneously two messages in one direction, said means embracing means adapted to transmit char acters of one message, each character comprising one impulse, the polarity of said impulse symbolizing the character, and. means adapted to transmit characters of a second message, each character comprising'a series of impulses, the number of said impulses symbolizing the character.

3. In combination, a submarine cable, two stations for said cable, each station connected with two sets of transmitting and receiving devices, one transmitting set ada ted to transmitimpulses of comparatively s ow suc cession, each impulse denoting a character, the second transmitting set adapted to transmit impulses of comparatively quick succession, a series of impulses necessary for each character, the different characters symbolized by the greater or lesser number of impulses, one receiving set adapted to translate the' first-named impulses and the second receiving set adapted to translate the second named impulses.

4. In combination with a submarine cable two transmitting-keys connected in series as to each other and said cable, one of said keys connected to a source of direct current of comparatively high electromotive force and adapted to send impulses at a comparatively slow speed over the line; the second of said keys connected to a source of direct current of comparatively low electromotive force and adapted to send impulses at a comparatively quick speed over the line.

5. In combination with a submarine cable two keys, means to normally connect one of said keys with one polarity of a source of current and with the opposite polarity of a second source of current, both of comparatively high. electromotive force, and means to make and break the connection with one or the other of said sources through the manipulation of said key, means to normally connect the second of said keys with one polarity of a source of current and with the opposite polarity of a second source of current, both of comparatively low electromotive force, and means to automatically make and break the connection with one or the other of said sources in quick succession, in combination with a third key adapted to open and close a shunt embracing said second key.

6. In combination with a transmittingdine two transmitting devices, one of said transmitting devices embracing a movable lever, sources of unidirective current, yielding means connecting electrically one pole of one source and the opposite pole of the other source to said movable lever, both sources .in electrical contact with each other, the second transmitting device embracing a movable lever, sources of unidirective current, yielding means connecting electrically one pole of one source and the opposite pole of the other source to said movable lever, both sources in electrical contact with each other, and automatic means to break the contact of said lever alternately with said poles in quick succession, a shunt for part of said device and means to open and close said shunt, said two devices electrically connected with each other, the line and ground.

7. Means to transmit simultaneously two messages over .a line, said means embracing a transmitting-key adapted to be manually operated, said transmitting-key normally shunting a source of current and yielding means whereby through the movement of the key in one direction its contact with one pole of said source is broken and yielding means whereby through the movement of the key in the opposite direction its contact with the opposite pole of said source is broken, said source of current of comparatively high electromotive force, the key electrically connected to said line, a second key or movable lever adapted to be automatically operated, said key or lever normally shunting a source of current and yielding means. whereby through the movement of the key or lever in one direction its contact with one pole of said source is broken and yielding means whereby through the movement of the key or lever in the opposite direction its contact with the opposite pole of said source is broken, said source of current of comparatively low electromotive force, the key or leverelectrically connected to the circuit embracing the first-named source of current, the circuit of the last-named source of current connected to the ground, in combination with a Morse transmitting-key adapted through its operation to transmit the impulses from said second source over the line or over a local circuit.

8. Means to transmit simultaneously two messages from one station over a submarine cable and receiving the same at a second station, said means embracing at the transmitting-station a key adapted to be manually operated and to transmit over the line impulses of comparatively slow succession but of comparatively high electromotive force and of a polarity in accordance with the character to be transmitted, a second key adapted to be automatically operated and to transmit impulses of comparatively quick succession but of comparatively low electromotive force and of alternating polarity, and a third key adapted to be manually operated and through this operation to allow the flow of said impulses over the line of transmission or to divert said impulses so that they shall flow over a local circuit; and embracing at the receiving-station a receiving device such as a siphon-recorder, and a second receiving device, such as a telephonic receiver.

9. In telegraphy, a submarine cable, means to transmit over said cable simultaneously impulses of comparatively high electromotive force but of comparatively slow succession and of a polarity denoting the character to be transmitted and impulses of comparatively quick succession but of comparatively low electromotive force, an impulse of one polarity always followed by an impulse of opposite polarity, and receiving said first-named impulses with the aid of a device such as a siphon-recorder and receiving said second-named impulses with the aid of a device such as an ear-phone.

In testimony whereof I hereby sign my name, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 13th day of April, A. D. 1905.

ISIDOR KITSEE.

Witnesses:

EDITH R. STILLEY, H. O. YETTER. 

